Place Description- Marin Drive, Mumbai, India.

I will describe about a place, that is named as Marin Drive, Which is a skillfully laid-out boulevard in South Mumbai. It is actually an upturned 'C'-shaped six lane concrete road, which lengthens to 3 km along the coastline - a natural bay. This avenue connects Nariman Point with Malabar Hills. What draws attention to this avenue is the striking esplanade next to the road, where scores of people come to breathe fresh air and view sunset. Palm trees are lined up along the road, presenting a picturesque view and nice walkway to take a stroll. The buildings down the road embrace many hotels and are home to many celebrities. Indeed, there is a row of art deco buildings that were built by wealthy Parsis during early 1920's. Bombay just follows Miami (USA) in its number of art deco buildings along the waterfront.  At nights, Marine Drive looks stunning illuminated, with lights and if seen from some elevated point beside the road, it appears like a necklace with streetlights resembling a string of pearls. Attributable to its extravagant loveliness, it is also known as Queen's Necklace. Marine Drive has also been acclaimed as the world's largest viewing gallery that hosts various events.

Oil Consumption Graph- Data Commentary

This graph compares the oil consumption of USA and Japan for the period of 1975 to 2004. This comparison is shown in the terms of oil consumption in millions of barrels per day. Graph shows that in spite of not having any domestic source of fossil fuel how Japan has been able to use the optional energy resources and maintained the oil consumption steady for couple of decades. Where in case of U.S, The oil consumption graph has risen gradually year-by-year.

From the graph we can see that for U.S. oil consumption went to first peak in 1976 period and again came back to normal in 80’s, and from then onwards oil concussion has gradually increased. While for Japan oil consumption is through out within the limit and has never gone very high even though country has developed drastically during this period. So, Overall from graph we can conclude that with the development of country Japan has also able to maintain the usage of fossil fuels.

Graph shows that oil usage for Japan was always in the range of 3 millions to 6 millions of barrel per day, But for U.S usages increased drastically from approximate 16 millions to 20 millions of barrel per day which clearly shows that U.S was not able to take advantage of natural and alternate energy resource to maintain the oil usage. 

DC Metro Use Graph - Data Commentary

The chart shows the use of DC Metro on an average day from 6 am to 22 pm. Initially, the number of people taking Metro in DC grows gradually from 6 am, and reaches the first peak at 8 am. Then, it declines during the period from 9am to 10am. Subsequently, this number grows slowly and plateaus from 12pm to 14pm. Afterward, the number of commuters falls quickly, reaching the lowest at 16pm. Next, the number starting from 16pm sharply rises reaching a peak again at 6pm. Later, it plunges rapidly during the period from 18pm to 20pm. Finally; this number bounces back at 21pm and comes back to the lowest at 22pm.

From the trend of DC Metro Use, the number of commuters spikes at two periods, during 7am to 9am and during 17pm to 19pm which represent the rush hours, and remains steady in the middle of the day, from 10 am to 14 pm. The peak points are 8am and 18pm, while the lowest points are 6am, 16pm, 20pm and 22pm. According to this analysis, people are encouraged to adjust their Metro arrangement from rush hour to the off-peak periods, 6am to 7am in the morning, 10am to 16pm during the day, 20pm to 22pm in the evening, in order to reduce the traffic load.

Hedging in Data Commentaries

Dear Professor,

I am writing this mail to explain why the scores during makeup exams were lower than the regular exams. According to me there can be several reasons to this. As there were less number of student during the makeup exams so there are chances that students who scored high during regular exam were not present in makeup exam, which caused the average score to come down. Absence of board examples might have had some impact on the overall score of the class. It is also possible that room environment might had some impact as there were few students who were uncomfortable in hot temperature of the class. Makeup exam was administered on Friday and it is possible that some of the students had some other commitment to fulfill at the end of the week so it can be also considered as one of the reason for low average class score.

Best Regards,

Vivek Thakker,

Teaching Assistance,

The George Washinton University,

School Engineering & Applied Science.

Class Presentation Summary

It’s always exciting to learn new things about language reading and writing. After all presentations that students presented in the class about different topics which were basically concentrating around Introduction styles different languages and how they differs with author and filed of studies i have learnt many important points. So in this article I will enlighten few of the points that I feel are important.

After reviewing the presentation about use of inclusive and exclusive pronouns in academic writing, I leant the most important and basic fundamental use of "I" and "WE" in different ways and how use of both can make difference in the message that author wants to convey. This learning will defiantly help me in future when I will be in position to write a paper for my own research.

An excellent presentation about rhetorical structures in Arabic language research article gave me a chance to understand and to know the language & structure of context in different language with I am not much familiar.  Presentation about use of Chinese language research paper also gave me an opportunity learn and understand different approaches adopted by authors from different regions.

After attending this presentation session I also got to know about publication facts and procedures to publish a paper in the field of law, which is much different field for me. 

So, Overall this presentation session gave me an opportunity to grab new knowledge and understand basic fundamentals about writing introductions for my research article and it also gave me the hands on experience to analyze already published research paper and provide my opinion and findings.

Citations Theories (Part: Move 1b)-

There are many theories that have been put forward to explain the importance of the citations in the academic text. They all vary with the opinions of the authors or textbooks that can be validate in different manners. Some experts have highlighted the ethical aspect of citations. For example, some textbooks claim that citations are used to recognize and acknowledge the intellectual property rights of authors. According to this view, citations are a matter of ethics and a defense against plagiarism.

A similar idea is that citations are used to show respect to previous scholars by recognizing the history of the field and acknowledging previous achievements. Ravetz (1971), for example, claims that citations operate as a kind of mutual reward system: rather than pay other authors money for their contributions, writers “pay” them in citations.

Some researchers have also emphasized the benefits of citations in terms of authors’ authority. For instance, in Gilbert’s work (1977), citations are viewed as tools of persuasion. Writers use citations to give their statements greater authority. Bavelas (1978), following a similar line of reasoning, argues that citations are used to supply evidence that the author qualifies as a member of the chosen scholarly community: citations, in other words, are used to demonstrate familiarity with the field.

Moreover, other scholars, taking Swales (1990) as an example, have paid attention to the method of citation. He states that citations are used to create a research space (CARS) for the citing author. By describing what has been done, citations point the way to what has not been done and so prepare a space for new research.

Time Management in Graduate Student Life

In graduate student’s lifetime management is a one important key factor for success and achievement. Due to very tough course structure and life activities graduate students have an increasing workload in their academic fields as they need to finish assignments, conduct further research, attend social activities, work on campus and so forth.

    Due to this tough life every graduate student knows the importance of the time management in their life but still there are some who can not mange the time properly which tends to effect their studies and social life as they are not able to do the work on time which have adverse effect on their future.

 To get over the time management problem graduate student should try to make short and long plan on both academic and other activities. For example, students could try to list everyday research items, prioritize their work & other activities in notebook in advance. Prioritizing the work will help student to mange his time and it will also allow him to participate in different activities. Balancing his college schedule is the most important part of the schedule.

So, Over all managing one’s time efficiently will help graduate student to achieve more academic goals in their life and will also allow them to participate in other activities. Therefore time management is a very important part of a graduate student’s life.